Conquest of Russia and Eastern Slavic lands by Batu Khan in 1237–1242 and the policy of Ulys (Golden Horde)

Abstract

We can say that the XIII century was a historical period full of significant events in the history of the peoples of Eurasia. But the main event of that time was the Mongol-Turkic invasion of the West. It is well known that this invasion, which shook the whole of Europe and Asia, had many events, directions and different goals that were covered in world history from different positions. However, the coverage of these great historical events still takes place from the positions of Eurocentric scholars who show the multifaceted Mongol-Turkic campaigns in the West, their causes, development and main events from their one-sided position, which does not correspond to historical objectivism. Therefore, there is no doubt that a thorough and truthful study of this topic, which has been studied for centuries, is one of the main requirements of our time. Therefore, we believe that the time has come to objectively show the political and economic background of the nomads' campaigns to the West, their specific goals and objectives, since it is impossible to fully imagine the history of the peoples of Eurasia when studying this topic. In this article, based on many historical sources, the conquest of the lands of Russia and the Eastern Slavs by the son of Jochi Batu Khan in 1237–1242 and related events are shown. At the same time, the article highlights the internecine struggle of Russian princes for power, which played a negative role in the lives of the population, cities and economic activities. These circumstances led to the fact that between the population, its princes and conquerors formed various relationships that had their own difficulties and features. Based on this, the article reveals certain policy directions of the new state of Uly ULYS (Golden Horde) in the subject territories and their features. In his conclusions, the author truthfully proves the influence of the Golden Horde Empire on the whole of Eurasia and its historical significance.