KALIASKAROVA, Gulfaruz; MUSSABALINA, Gulnara. Development of Navigation and Merchant Trade on the Irtysh River in the Second half of the XIX century: Economic and Social Aspects of the Cities of the Irtysh Region. Bulletin of the Karaganda university History. Philosophy series, [S. l.], v. 11830, n. 2, p. 70–78, 2025. DOI: 10.31489/2025hph2/70-78. Disponível em: https://history-philosophy-vestnik.buketov.edu.kz/history-philosophy-vestnik/article/view/1540. Acesso em: 16 sep. 2026.