State-Confessional Relations in Kazakhstan (1940–1990): a Historiographical Review

Abstract

Based on a critical analysis of previously published studies by domestic and foreign authors, the article identifies and summarizes the degree of study of the problem of state-confessional relations in Kazakhstan in the 1940–1990. The beginning of research on these issues dates back to Soviet times. In the post-Soviet period, due to the processes of spiritual revival and the formation of historical consciousness, as well as a result of the introduction of previously classified materials and sources into scientific circulation, interest in this issue has increased. The proposed historiographical review is organized according to the chronological method. The works of domestic and foreign researchers actualize the problems of the legal status of religious denominations, consider various aspects of the practical implementation of Soviet religious legislation, analyze the consequences of errors and miscalculations made in the course of the struggle against the activities of religious organizations, show the causality of excessive anti-religious policy in Kazakhstan, assess the role of religion in the daily life of the population. Such research gaps as forms and methods of anti-religious struggle, mass persecution and repressive policies against the Islamic and Orthodox clergy, the processes of formation and functioning of Muslim religious institutions in Kazakhstan, church diplomacy during the Cold War, religious daily life and other related issues have been highlighted in the works of scientists. At the same time, the urgent tasks of regional analysis and the controversial nature of the problem of relations between the state and religious organizations leave room for new research.