Analysis of the Influence of Historical Memory on the Content of Secondary Education in Kazakhstan (1991–2021)

Abstract

This article examines the influence of historical memory on the content of secondary education in Kazakhstan. Historical memory is a key factor in shaping national identity; thus, forming it through the education system and influencing public consciousness via the educational sphere remains a pressing issue. The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of how historical memory has been transmitted in Kazakhstan’s secondary education system from 1991 to 2021. The research analyzes the main changes in the content of historical education and the methodological approaches that have shaped these changes. Drawing on the works of Kazakhstani historians, the study explores the mechanisms of transmitting historical memory and its impact on national ideology and educational programs. The Kazakh people are known for preserving their history through collective memory. After gaining independence, Kazakhstan entered a new phase of statebuilding,
which brought to the forefront issues of designing a new worldview model and defining key national values and identity. The content of secondary education should support students’ creative development while also addressing their individual needs and characteristics. The results showed that historical memory holds a firm place in the secondary education system, but its content requires improvement. Superficial treatment of certain historical periods and the occasional lack of objective presentation of facts were identified as significant challenges. The study also confirms the critical role of historical memory in fostering patriotism and shaping historical consciousness. This research can be applied in the fields of history, pedagogy, and political science to modernize historical education, improve curricula, and develop students’ historical awareness.