The factor of labor relations in the politics of modern societies: the experience of Mongolia and Kazakhstan

Abstract

The article attempts to summarize the socio-philosophical analysis of the factors influencing the development of labor relations (including labor emigration) in Mongolia and the Republic of Kazakhstan. The focus of the research is on the philosophical and political aspects of labor relations. In a comparative aspect, trends and approaches to the regulation of labor relations are considered in the focus of regional cooperation. Particular attention is paid in the article to the study of topical political and philosophical problems of labor activity (work and freedom, the objectives and uses of labor, the use of working time as the foundation of labor, etc.), trends and problems in the field of regulation of labor relations are shown. The article focuses on the special position of Mongolia in the system of international relations,  highlights the determinants of the foreign policy of this country. An analysis of the social consequences of the adoption and implementation of the concept of the “third neighbor” in the policy of the Mongolian and Kazakhstani societies at the present stage of development has been carried out. The conclusion is made about the specifics of the social situation of the Mongolian society in a state of demographic transition, which is characterized by a young age structure of the population, focused on the export of labor resources, labor migration. The article emphasizes the fundamental difference between the Kazakh society as a society in which there is no active migratory donation, in contrast to the Mongolian society. The authors showed the importance of labor migration in the socio-economic development of both countries in the context of this opposition. According to the authors, both countries have developed an approach to understanding labor relations as a factor in the sustainable development of society and
the state.