The problem of fatalism in the understanding of mutakallims

Abstract

The purpose of the article is to study the process of formation of views on social life, including the problem
of human destiny, in regions influenced by Islam, which originated in the 7-th century. This problem was resolved as a result of polemics between representatives of Islamic philosophy and the Mutakallims, which led to the  formation of such Muslim movements as the Jabarites, Hatarites, Mutazilites, Orthodox Asharis and Maturudis. The article talks about how fatalistic views appeared in the Arab world, what views are held by different ideological movements, groups on the issue of human destiny, and how they are affirmed in their postulates; where does the name of each movement originate from; How do the ideas of fatalism and freedom of human will and choice relate? The article talks about the disagreements between the Ash'ari school and the Maturidi school, the theory of the “sense of freedom” of the Ashari school, the measurement of fate in relation to submission and disobedience to the command of God; about the dispute about the unification of human actions and its current issues; about the three methods of the mind used by the Mutakallim on the path
to truth; about a rationalistic explanation of the principles of the universe, about the path to truth, about the existence and movement of matter that do not contradict the Holy Book.