Climate of the Golden Horde’s Ural region

Abstract

The 21st century is a century of dynamic development of the global technology industry. Now there are more and more new technological discoveries that make a huge contribution to science. The development of climate and soil science through scientific technologies allows us to make many scientific discoveries today. The results of palynological work in the laboratory, obtained from the excavated remains of buried plants in ancient soils, give science a lot of novelty. Currently, this field of soil science, which is widely used in archaeology, can use plant samples preserved in graves of the Bronze, Iron and the Middle Ages to identify the natural conditions of that time, changes in them, and the phenomena of water levels. Such studies do not leave aside the monuments of the Golden Horde time, samples of burial mounds and urban remains help to determine how favorable urban life was, as well as the movement of peoples. Based on this, the article attempts to find out in what natural conditions the inhabitants of settlements of the Urals in the Caspian Depression of the Jochi Ulus lived. Describing the soil formation of the Caspian Basin, the locations of monuments in it are especially noted. In addition, the results of a palynological study of the spore-pollen tests of L.L. Galkin from Saraychik and Aktobe, which were discussed as a result of other studies conducted in this region, were considered. As a result, the natural state of the Ural region in those times is determined.