From history of the economic life and the private economy of the representatives of the dynasty of the Tore

Abstract

President of Kazakhstan K.K. Tokaev, speaking at the Ulytau-2019 international tourism forum, noted the
need and importance of honoring the name of Genghis Khan's eldest son, Jochi Khan. In Kazakh historical
literature, the name of Jochi is known as Zhoshi. Some scholars claim that Jochi did not have the title of khan. However, in the ancient legends of the Kazakh people, genealogies and historical poems, the name of Jochi is cried out just like Jochi-khan, although he died quite early. Moreover, the fact that the Great Khan Genghis Khan himself distributed the territories for his sons and the inheritance of Jochi was referred to as Ulus Jochi indicates that Jochi was the ruling khan, that is, he was Ulus Khan. The personality of Jochi Khan is world famous, not only as the leader of the army, but also as a khan, he was the famous person, the ruler of the state called Ulus Jochi. After the collapse of the Golden Horde, representatives of the ruling political dynasties of the Kazakh Khanate were descendants of Khan Juchi. Therefore, the Kazakh people called them «aq suiyek», a kind of «Steppe noblemen», in accordance with their social status, which was literally called «white bone». «Suiyek», that is, «bone» expressed the meaning of a tribe, clan or origin, and the meaning of «ak» («white») personified the meaning of «noble», the Elite. According to the law of the steppe, in the traditional system of political title of the Kazakh Khanate, the descendants of the Genghis Khan dynasty, namely the Juchid dynasty, were given the title «Sultan» upon birth. According to the ancient tradition, the sultans who ruled the common tribes of individual nomadic tribes, according to tradition, the most worthy of them are the folk sages — «rubasy-aksakals» and biys, glorious batyrs on white felt. Although studies of the history of Kazakh khans and sultans are ongoing and new studies are being conducted, it is obvious that this issue will continue to develop due to the demand for this historical knowledge both in the context of political history and in the context of the development of historical biography, historical personalism. This article is devoted to the socio-economic situation of representatives of the «Suyiek» social group in Kazakh society. In particular, it is necessary to study the principles and system of types of taxes in the Kazakh Khanate by analyzing the issue of economic sources and private income of representatives of various social strata of the population. During the consideration of this issue, the views of the ruling stratum of the Kazakh society — the khan-sultans in the system of economic relations were studied. The ideology of the Soviet era was based on the concept of class conflicts, but now it is important to form the realistic understanding of the problems of traditional society and the economy, breaking away from the schematic understanding of the essence of the socioeconomic life of Kazakh society, which has developed in the interpretation of the Soviet historical school. An attempt was made to a new search by comparing historical data on the tax system of the Kazakh people today and traditional social relations of the past.