GULAG camps in Kazakhstan: about the stages of the history of creation and functioning

Abstract

The article aims to formulate the problem of the stages in the history of the GULAG camps in the Kazakh SSR. The existing versions of Russian and Kazakh researchers are compared according to the variants of the stages of the camp system in the USSR and the KazSSR. The author of the article proposes her own version of periodization in the history of Kazakhstani camps (4 periods), the most characteristic features of each period are noted. The object of the analysis is data on Kazakhstani camps from published and unpublished sources. Based on the used materials, data on the number and location of camps of the GULAG system in the Kazakh SSR are presented. The author briefly traces the facts of the creation and functioning of 22 camps and independent camp departments of the GULAG located in the KazSSR. The article presents a table where the Kazakh GULAG camps in the period 1930–1959 are systematized in alphabetical order. A brief description of the forced labor camps is given and there is information about the location of the archives of the liquidated camps and construction sites of the USPA-PCIA-MIA of the USSR in 1930–1959.